The Urgency of Linguistic Skills to Read Kitab Tafsir in Boarding Schools in Indonesia: Analysis of Students’ Learning Issue

The study is aimed at investigating learners’ issues on reading kitab tafsir in boarding schools in Indonesia. This study employs the case study approach of the qualitative method. Data is collected through in-depth interviews with ten informants (teachers and learners) selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data is thematically analyzed by using interactive analysis technique of Miles & Huberman model of NVivo 12. The findings of the study reveal that there are nineteen learners’ linguistic issues to understand the kitab tafsir . All issues are grouped into four categories, namely: two issues are related to ashwat (phonologyi), six issues are connected to sharaf (morphology), six issues


INTRODUCTION
Pesantren is an educational center institution that focuses on learning about Islamic science (Ibrahim & Wiza, 2021;Wahyono, 2019).As a traditional educational institution for Muslims, Islamic boarding schools have their own uniqueness or characteristics in the learning process, one of which is the use of Arabic as the main language in the learning process (Astuti, 2016;Sungkar, 2019).Furthermore, in the pesantren environment, the language used between fellow students and teachers is also Arabic.

LITERATURE REVIEW
In Arabic Linguistics is known as " ‫ا‬ ‫علم‬ ‫للغة‬ ", Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including the structure of rules, origins, development, and its use in various contexts of communication (Munawar, 2021;Prihananti, 2021).Actually, the object of linguistic study in Arabic consists of six objects of study, including.i) ashwat sciences (phonology) is the study of sounds in language and how they are organized and interact with each other; ii) sharaf sciences (Morphology) is the study of word structure, changes in word form, and word classes in Arabic; iii) nahwu sciences (Syntax) is the study of sentence structure (I'rab)/ grammatical and the relationship between words in sentences; iv) sciences (Semantics) is the study of the meaning of words and sentences and dilalah how they are understood in context; v) sciences of Balaghah (Pragmatics) is the study of the use of language in social contexts and how language is used to achieve communicative goals.iv) The sciences of Lughawi (psycholinguistics) is the study of how humans process language in their minds and how language is understood and produced (Alam et al., 2021;Holilulloh et al., 2014;Sungkar, 2019).
However, in this study the author only focuses on studying four linguistic problems in reading skills (Maharah Qiraah), the four objects of study include the problems of ashwat sciences, sharaf sciences, nahwu sciences and dilalah sciences.
Furthermore, reading skills (Maharah Qira'ah) is an interactive activity to pluck and understand the meaning and meaning contained in written materials.
The essence of reading proficiency lies in two aspects, first transforming the symbol in the form of writing into a correct sound (nahwu and sharaf), and secondly understanding the whole meaning of what is symbolized by written symbols and sounds (dilalah and ashwat) (Romadhon & Shaputra, 2018;Zuhriyah, 2020).
Pig 1. Analysis keywords with VOSviewer Based on the results of VOSviewer's analysis of keywords in research articles that examine the object of linguistic study in reading skills (Maharah Qira'ah) of the yellow book, this theme is not a new study in Islamic research, especially in the study of Arabic.Where it can be seen that research on this has been studied from 2014 to 2019, while the research in question is internationalscale research that has been indexed by Scopus.Linguistics is one aspect that influences a person to be able to master Arabic language skills, including skills as translators (Translation), (Bilingualism), (Multilingualism), (Sociolinguistics), (Arabic speech) and book reading skills (reading-Arabic texts).
Therefore, to be able to master these skills, one of which is reading skills (reading-Arabic texts), one must master the object of linguistic study.The object of study of linguistics is ashwat (phonetics) which consists of accents (Culture Factor), then sharaf (morphology) which consists of (morphological Analysis), (speech transmission), (part of speech tagging).Then the object of study of nahwu science (Sintanctics) which consists of changing punctuation marks (codeswitching), (embedding), and finally the studies of dilalah (Semantics) consisting of (state of Arabic), (vocabulary), (linguistic analysis), (text processing).Therefore, based on the explanation above, it can be understood that the object of study of Arabic linguistics has major implications for improving Arabic text reading skills.Therefore, the author is also interested in analyzing or studying the problematic aspects of the linguistic object of study in the reading skills of Arabic text.

METHODS
This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach (Case Study) (Bartlett & Vavrus, 2016;Bolton, 2021;Gustafsson, 2017).Data sources were drawn from ten informants through in-depth interviews selected using Purposive Sampling Technique.The informants in this study were nine Aliyah students and one tafsir teacher of Diniyah Limo Jurai Islamic Boarding School, Agam Regency.Furthermore, kitab tafsir that will be discussed by the author in this study is kitab Muqarrar Tafsir which is a combination of kitab Shafwahtuttafassir and Aisaruttafassir and recorded by the ustadz in the Islamic Boarding School to be used as a learning medium for students in tafsir learning.According to (Clarke & Braun, 2018;Herzog et al., 2019;Neuendorf, 2019;Terry et al., 2017) After an indepth interview with informants, the process of transcription of interview results with thematic analysis methods (Thematic Analysis) interactive with model Miles and Huberman according to the needs in research (Arifin et al., 2023;Engkizar et al., 2017).The analysis process carried out by the author uses NVivo 12 qualitative analysis software (Crowe et al., 2011;Neuendorf, 2018).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the author's interviews with ten informants, the results of the analysis were actually found that there were four themes related to linguistic problems in the skill of reading kitab tafsir.The four themes consist of problems in the science of ashwat (phonology), problems in the science of sharaf (morphology), problems in the science of nahwu (Syntax), and problems in the science of dilalah (semantics).

Linguistic Problems from the Study Aspect of Ashwat Sciences to Read Kitab Tafsir
As the author has explained that in research there are linguistic problems in the science of ashwat science in the skill of reading kitab tafsir.To make it clear, the author presents the results of these findings based on informant information and examples in one of kitab Tafsir Muqarrar.

Table 1. Excerpts of Interview & KitabTafsir Muqarrar Distinguishing Hurf properties sounds
… The problem faced by students is to distinguish the nature of Where in the words " َ ‫ض‬ ْ ‫ع‬ َ ‫"ب‬ dan " ‫"رضوان‬ students often mispronounce the hurf ‫"ض"‬ by replacing it with a hurf " ‫د‬ " .
Related to linguistic problems, the skill of reading kitab tafsir from the aspect of ashwat (phonology) sciences.That the problems of the study include first Makharijul Hurf (vowels, consonants) where students are difficult to distinguish the nature of the sounds of hurf /Makharijul Hurf, and secondly the placement of intonation or accents that are not right in reading kitab tafsir so that the accents of each region are still carried away when in the process of reading kitab tafsir (Sholihin, 2020;Sungkar, 2019).
Please note that in various madrasah, pesantren, and houses of the Qur'an the learning of the Qur'an accompanied by the teaching of Arabic grammar is usually called Makahrijul Hurf.Which if in the study of the Qur'an is known as the Ilmu Tajwid (Alam et al., 2021;Sholihin, 2020).However, the cause of the problem in distinguishing sounds in the nature of hurf is due to the lack of attention from both teachers and students to learning Arabic, especially in training in pronunciation of good and correct hurf sounds and habituation to reading kitab tafsir with the correct accent (Touma et al., 2023).In addition, according to (Romadhon & Shaputra, 2018) This problem is caused because there are some Arabic hurf not found in Indonesian hurf which then require habituation in recognizing these hurf.

Linguistic Problems from the Study Aspect of Sharaf Sciences to Read Kitab Tafsir
As the author has explained that in the research there are linguistic problems in the science of sharaf science in the skill of reading kitab tafsir.To make it clear, the author presents the results of this finding based on informant information and examples in one of kitab Tafsir Muqarrar.the mashdar of the chapter is where the wazan is the wazan has faidatul bina' (fi'il that requires maf'ulun bih).
In the sentence which is wazan fi'il ‫إفتعال‬ with faidatul bina' The phrase which is a chapter Fathataani Related to the problem of reading kitab tafsir from the aspect of study The science of sharaf (morphology).Among them are the skills of students in determining Wazan and Shigat fi'il exactly, according to (Romadhon et al., 2018;Joubran-Awadie & Shalhoub-Awwad, 2023) This problem can arise due to the large division of sharaf chapters (Tashrif) that must be studied and memorized as well.
According to (Mughits, 2017;Nur'aini & Qomariyah, 2022) As for the problems in Idgham and I'lal are where the process is in Idgham one fi'il must be in accordance with the rules idgham in sharaf as well as students must understand the placement of hurf I'llat the right in process I'lal.So this makes it difficult for students to determine whether this is the result of the process idgham and also on fi'il I'lal (Holilulloh et al., 2014;Sungkar, 2019).This will also affect the ability of students to distinguish between Fi'il Shahih and fi'il mu'tal which fi'il mu'tal Also the division there are six types (Mariyam, 2021;Septiyaningrum, 2018).Furthermore, there are problems in memorization of Qaidah and Faidatul Bina' which is a problem that is very much encountered in sciences of sharaf (Prihananti, 2021).This problem arises because of the large division of sharaf chapters, which makes it difficult for students to distinguish the differences between Qaidah and Faidatul Bina' in each of sharaf chapters.Therefore, this problem also affects students in determining Shigat and Wazan as well as the meaning of fi'il, especially in fi'il which has Qaidah and Faidatul Bina' are fi'il Tsulatsi Madzid and fi'il Ruba'I Mujarrad and Madzid, because to be able to determine and understand the form of fi'il-fi'il students must memorize and understand Qaidah and Faidatul Bina' nature chapter sharaf (Zaenuddin, 2012).

Linguistic Problems from the Study Aspect of Nahwu Sciences to Read KitabTafsir
As the author has explained that in research there are linguistic problems in the science of nahwu sciences in the skill of reading kitab tafsir.To make it clear, the author presents the results of this finding based on the information of informants and examples in one of kitab Tafsir Muqarrar.which is positioned as marfu' because it follows from the previous sentence.
In the sentence is dhammir bariz muttashil muannats, who explains and at a time replaces the phrase is positioned to be mudhaf and the sentence " ‫سند‬ " is positioned to be mudhaf ilaih and also to be Mudhaf for the word . So in one word can have more than one position of I'rab, but if the reader does not carefully understand the passage of the sentence then the reader will be trapped in understanding it, where when viewed from the sentence then the position is na'at man'ut because both are ism nakirah.Where the word

I'rab 'Adad
is an example of the sentence 'Adad where the word " ‫أضعاف‬ " ism jama' describes the number more than three.
Related to the problem of reading kitab tafsir from the aspect of science nahwu sciences (Syntax).Among them determine I'rab ism nakirah and ism ma'rifat, especially in determining Dhammir and Ism Dhammir as well as determining I'rab ism mutsanna and jama' (Algifari, 2022;Muawanah & Rifa'i, 2018).As for the aspect of dhammir the difficulty is decisive dhammir mustatir, where in determining dhmammir mustatir the reader must know and understand the who and what of the topic of discussion, this depends on skills in analyzing and translating Arabic text (Fransisca, 2015;Muawanah & Rifa'i, 2018).Furthermore, problems in determining I'rab ism mutsanna and jama', where each position is I'rab affect the change in the form of the word according to the position of I'rab, and it is very time consuming to determine I'rab.
Next in i'rab tawabi' like i'rab 'athaf and na'at which is a division i'rab tawabi' (Jaelani, 2014;Nasiruddin, 2020).As for most students, sometimes it is difficult to master and understand the types I'rab this is due to the form of division I'rab There are many and different types.As for na'at be tabi' which explains some of what circumstances it follows and fines it with clues that exist in that meaning (Holilulloh et al., 2014).So the main difference between na'at with mudhaf mudhaf ilaih lies in the function and relationship of ownership or linkage between two objects, as soon as na'at give a description or quality to the noun described (Holilulloh et al., 2014;Nasiruddin, 2020;Sungkar, 2019).
Therefore, the difference between i'rab badl and taukid is that i'rab badl focuses on replacing words or phrases with other words or phrases that have the same grammatical function, while taukid focuses on strengthening or affirming the meaning of sentences to provide clarity or confidence to the statements made.

Linguistic Problems from the Study Aspect of Dilalah Sciences to Read KitabTafsir
As the author has explained that in research there are linguistic problems in the science of dilalah science in the skill of reading kitab tafsir.To make it clear, the author presents the results of this finding based on the information of informants and examples in one of kitab Tafsir Muqarrar: lafzhi is " ‫التطهري‬ " which means 'holy' and its opposite word is " ‫التنجس‬ " which means 'unclean or dirty'.
Related to the problem of reading kitab tafsir from the aspect of study dilalah science (semantics).Among them are study tafsir problems and types of meanings and Al-Taraduf of al-Isytirak of al-Tadhad (Basri & Mufidah, 2021;Nafinuddin, 2020).The aspect of this study is part of the interpretation itself, where how the reader understands the meaning of the interpretations of Qur'anic verses both linguistic interpretations and term interpretations added with Balaghah language to enrich the interpretation (Susiati, 2020).Furthermore, the problem of dilalah science are students who still lack vocabulary/Mufradat Arabic language as well as familiarity in refraction in reading and understanding Arabic style literature (Astuti, 2016;Susiati, 2020).
Therefore, it can be understood that of the four linguistic problems in reading kitab tafsir, the mastery of dilalah study is a mastery that greatly determines whether a person is able to read and understand tafsir or not (Abd-Elmoneim et al.,2023).because having the ability in I'rab can certainly translate, but the cleverness of someone in I'rab and translating, may not necessarily have the ability to interpret or understand the interpretation of the Qur'an.

CONCLUSION
The results of this study have shown that linguistic problems in the study of sharaf, nahwu and dilalah have a major influence on the skill of reading kitab tafsir books in students in Islamic boarding schools.This research can be used as evaluation and review material for teachers and Islamic boarding schools to improve the ability of students to read kitab tafsir.The solution that can be used as a basis for determining the right steps for teachers and Islamic boarding schools is not only to focus on aspects of linguistic problems (sharaf, nahwu, dilalah sciences).However, non-linguistic problematic aspects (infrastructure, time management, motivation, interests, teacher competence, etc, also have an influence on the process of learning to read kitab tafsir.Therefore, the author can conclude that linguistic problems (the science of sharaf, nahwu, dilalah) are problems that do arise from the characteristics of the language itself, but this can be minimized by paying attention to non-linguistic aspects of problems in overcoming problems that occur by students to improve the skills of reading kitab tafsir.